A process control and improvement approach that aims at meeting customer expectations, reducing process variation and continuous improvement. Managing the quality of a product aiming at Zero-defect standard outputs.

The difference (as a result of failure to conform to the specified quality) between the amount included in standard cost and the actual cost or loss incurred*in scrapping, rectifying or selling defective products at substandard prices.

A way of maintaining standards on manufactured articles. The aim is zero – technology perfection in production. Any method adopted to make it certain that goods purchased or goods manufactured for sale conform to the desired quality standard.

Stands for a managerial technique developed in Japan and adopted in some modified form in other countries including the U.A. & India. The “quality circles” represents a select group of employees who confer regularly among themselves to locate and solve problems of production and enhance productivity of quality and reduce costs. A method to create an attitude of “quality” in the employees.

1) The degree of merit that is inherent in a product. 2) General excellence. 3) High utility in terms of use value, durability and elegance. 4) Product or service which yields full consumer satisfaction.

Qualitative data is characterized by exhaustive and distinct categories that do not have magnitude. The data is record of observations narrated objectively but with subjective interpretational stance.

A quadratic programming problem is a mathematical problem where the objective function is the sum or combination of a linear and a quadratic function of the decision variables while the constraints are linear.

Status for question and answer. One of the various ways of guidance. A system of teaching by catechism.