The reserve in a current cost accounting system, this includes: 1) unrealized revaluation surpluses on fixed assets stock and investment and 2) realized amounts equal to the cumulative net total of the current cost adjustments.

The surplus generated as a result of general business activities during a certain period after making allowances for impact of price changes on the fund required for carrying on the business activities.

A method of accounting based upon a concept where historical costs are converted to current costs through applying the change in price index.

1) The ascertained cost of obtaining goods for processing or resale, or of assets, at the time when their value is consumed by the entity generally obtained by some form of averaging or index. 2)Cost of some or all the items appearing in the balance sheet or income statement at current price levels.

All assets (possessions) of a business held for conversion into sale proceeds within the accounting year or operating cycle.

1) A bank account from which money can be withdrawn without prior notice. 2) A record of transaction carried out between two business houses or between the main office and branch offices of a particular business organization.

The money that is circulating within the country.

It is an expression for probability of the random variable taking a value equal to or less than the value provided.

Holder of such a share has the right to claim a fixed fate of dividend. He is also entitled to have any arrears paid out of future profits with priority over the distribution of profits to ordinary shareholders.

Unannounced dividends on preferred share for a specific period that accrue as a claim on past and future earnings.

When shares are bought with the tacit agreement that dividend on such shares would be paid to the buyer.

A share is termed as a cum-rights share if the purchaser has the right to receive the current ‘rights’ issue along with the basic shares purchased.

A share is termed as a cum-bonus share if the purchaser has the right to receive the current bonus along with the basic shares purchased.

Latin for ‘with’.

The fundamental beliefs and assumptions that are shared by members of an organisation, culture is the root of attitude and then behaviour of the general members of the organisations.

Stands for council of scientific and industrial research.

Any crisis.

Subsidize one product or segment out of the profits to another business activity or function.

Refers to making good the loss incurred by selling a particular product from the profit gained from selling of another product.

Comparison of a company’s financial rate with those of other companies or with general industrial averages.