Net profit retained in the business or transferred to reserve (or net worth) accumulated over years, and shown as such on the liability side of balance sheet.

A term from behavioral science, also known as task-oriented leadership. A leadership style that stresses more on achievements and tasks than on relationship.

The total cost of acquiring a business asset; includes all costs occasioned by the process of acquisition.

A business term: The legal procedure by which a corporate body can be acquired and merged with another such body.

A word formed out of the first letters of a name or related works: e.g. ADB (Asian Development Bank); ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization).

Something embracing all without exceptions.

The phrase is used to describe loss or damage from causes over which there is no human or managerial control, e.g. fire, floods, riots, social upheavals and earthquakes.

An approach of defining goals and translating them in activity terms.

Systematic tabulation of actions needed to achieve an object; to tabulate actions in the from of a bar-chart or network.

Encourage proactive ideas to motivate a research team.

Of the total amount of currency notes issued by R.B.I. that part which is circulating in the market. This is measured by the quantity of money in circulation multiplied by the velocity of circulation. Part of M3 money.

A word in technology transfer; a step that helps transfer and application of the new technology.

Those shares that are often bought and sold in the stock exchange and in reasonable volumes.

The smallest cost unit. In activity costing, it denotes the tiniest part of a product which can be identified with a function linked with resource usage.

A unit of work, operation or function that yields outputs by consuming inputs and also has definite starting and ending points, is called an activity.

: Breaking work into the element activities and the study of activity performance and determining reasons for differences in performance. The analysis is done with a view to improve operations, budgeting and costing – especially in the scheme of zero-base budgeting.

Making cost budgets with the help of activity based costing to facilitate estimation of work load and resource requirements.

Business management that relies on activity based costing methods and in which owners are responsible for control and improvement of operations. The management focus is on selecting the bunch of activities which, together yields the highest marginal net return on investments.

A list showing all activities that help a specific cost object and the costs involved in performing those activities. A cost cum profit centre.

It is a chart or diagram showing 1) all activities, 2) time taken for each activity and 3) resource needed – for a specific work or procedure.